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Straight answers to the questions people ask most about chipping hammers, wire brushes and electrode canisters.
Stick electrodes leave a layer of slag over the weld that protects the weld metal while it cools. If the next run is laid over slag that was not removed, the slag can become trapped in the weld as a defect known as slag inclusion, which weakens it.Chip the slag off, then wire brush the weld clean before the next run and before inspection. Pay attention to the toes of the weld and the edges of the joint, where slag tends to hide. Always wear eye protection when chipping.
Plain steel brushes are the usual choice for cleaning carbon steel. Stainless steel brushes are used on stainless steel so that particles of carbon steel are not left on the surface, where they can cause rust spots. Brass brushes have softer bristles, which are gentler on the surface and suit softer metals and more delicate work.The number of rows and the bristle thickness affect stiffness and reach. Choose the brush material to suit the metal you are cleaning.
Slag comes off hot and sharp, and wire brush bristles can fly off, so always wear safety glasses or a face shield, with side protection, plus gloves. Chipping when the slag is still hot makes it fly further, so be careful of those around you.Wear sturdy footwear and long sleeves, and tell anyone nearby to keep clear or put on eye protection. Do not rely on your welding helmet for slag removal: lift it only when you are wearing proper safety glasses underneath.
Use the pointed end of the hammer to crack the slag, then work along the groove with a gentle tapping motion rather than heavy blows. Slag often lifts in strips once it is cracked. A narrow wire brush or a small scraper can clean what is left.Where slag is stubborn, check whether your technique or the electrode type is making it cling. A slightly wider weld bead and the right arc length leave slag that is easier to remove, and cleaning each run before the next stops the problem building up.