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Lenses, filters, visors and fittings for one maker's welding helmets: what the types of part do and how to choose the right one.
Many automatic filters are marked with an optical class of four digits, for example 1/1/1/2, taken from the older EN 379 standard. Each digit is scored from 1 (best) to 3 and rates one aspect of clarity: distortion of the view, how uniform and free of impurities the lens is, how consistently dark it stays across its surface, and how the view holds up when you look at the arc from a sharp angle.The first three are generally seen as the most important because they affect everyday welding. EN 379 has since been withdrawn and replaced by the EN ISO 16321 series, so newer filters may be marked differently. When replacing a filter, check the class and markings on the old one and in the helmet manual rather than assuming all filters are equal.
The shade depends on the welding process, the current, the material and the working conditions, so there is no single right number. Helmet makers publish shade tables in the manual, and the older EN 169 standard for fixed filters included selection guidance in an annex, but published tables do not all agree.A variable auto-darkening filter lets you set the shade within its range, whereas a fixed lens has one shade only. Check the range or shade marked on the old lens and the maker's instructions. Do not pick a lighter shade just to see better, because too little protection from arc radiation can injure your eyes. Base the choice on the manual and your risk assessment.
Not on that basis alone. The HSE advises wearing goggles when chipping slag or wire brushing welds, because those tasks throw particles at the eyes. A dark welding filter is designed for arc radiation and is not a substitute for suitable impact eye protection.Many helmets have a clear flip-up visor or a clear lens for related tasks. Whether it is suitable for grinding or chipping depends on its markings, the maker's instructions and your risk assessment. If in doubt, wear separate suitable eye protection.
These are older European standards that are still seen marked on helmet parts. EN 169 covered welding filters that do not switch, meaning fixed-shade lenses. EN 379 covered automatic filters that switch to a darker shade when the arc is struck. EN 175 covered the frames and mountings the filters are fitted into.All three have now been withdrawn and their requirements brought into the EN ISO 16321 series, so newer parts may carry different markings. A marking tells you which type of part it is, which helps when checking that a replacement is the right type. Always check the data on the old part and in the manual before ordering.